Criminial justice assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminial justice - Assignment ExampleWhen it comes to fond disorganization theory, it dwells on the feature that people who live in slums do not follow the law especially because where they come from has social controls that do not work. This theory comes from works of people like McKay and Shaw who made a conclusion that diverging value marking areas that are not in put together together with transitional populations bring roughly criminal activities.Strain theories on the other hand come because of peoples anger when they part to accomplish the right economic and social success. Strain theories reveal that many people pass analogous beliefs and values however, whether or not they are able to achieve them depends on their social structure. One of the intimately renowned strain theories is that of Merton, which shows the consequences that, follow when people do not have enough resources in order to meet their own needs. Lastly in the social structure theories is the cultural deviance theory that brings out(a) the fact that in low class areas there is an emergence of unique value system (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006). evidence being, in areas where people are of lower class they are taught to always be tough and go against authority. According to Ohlin and Cloward people in low class areas commit crimes because they believe they do not have the best channels to succeed in life.The conflict theory puts its emphasis on the political, social unlikeness of a social group. It makes people understand the power differences existing in society. It goes on to show how the possessive group, which is the people with power, controls those who do not have (minorities).Multiculturalism can be defined as the acceptance or promotion of many different ethnic cultures. This leads to people of diverse cultures accepting each other no matter how different they might be. Most of the cultural activities done by different cultures tend to blackguard on womens

Cyber Management Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cyber Management Ethics - Essay ExampleThey deal ill-use it through downloading movies, downloading sexy materials and/or pirated software. (Fox, M., Phillips, L. & Vaidyanathan, G., 2003) E-mail Accessed for Personal Benefit A statistic data from a pornographic industry consultant have noted that almost seventy percent of all visits to their website occur during the assurance hours or to be specific between 9 oclock in the aurora to 5 oclock in the afternoon. According to the results received by Nielson or NetRatings, the online stock trading gets at least a ninety-two percent hits during the office hours and at least forty-six percent of the shop done online during the holidays usually take place between nine oclock in the morning to volt oclock in the afternoon. other study made by Fox in 2002 showed that almost twenty five percent of employees in companies are suffering from addiction with the usage of the Internet. Another study conducted by Fox in 2002 was the activities that were most addictive to individuals today. It revealed that gambling online has sky rocketed to the top five most addictive activities to individuals and translating it to a specific proportion would show that about eight percent of the respondents have become addicted to online gambling. (Fox, M., Phillips, L. & Vaidyanathan, G., 2003) Information Week also presented a study that predicted the amount of e-mail messages duty governing bodys would receive that is based on their sizes. For example, the large descent organization that has revenue of more than a jillion dollars would roughly receive about two million and four hundred thousand e-mail messages a day and send around one... Cyber Management EthicsThe paper analyzed the steps should be interpreted into account in order to change toward the new approach of stakeholder relationship to fit in the epoch of digital society. Furthermore, the method of literature review was applied as a basis of theoretical tress on stak eholder relationship approach that should be engaged in avoiding of the crisis. The sudden discovery of the World simple Web or Internet and its usefulness to the channel organizations has greatly affected the productivity of the employees within the business organization. It cannot be disputed that the impact of the net profit would have both positive and negative influence and it is up to the business organization to determine if its positive the effect outweigth its negative effect. And, if the freedom of transactions presented by the internet is abused by the employees, it is the prerogative of the business organization to implement measures to curb or arrest each misfeasance or malfeasance. According to the statement made by Anandarajan, Simmers and Igbaria in 2000, these are some positive effect that business organizations could expect from the Internet to enhance the productivity of the organization where it has utilized the internet or the sphere wide web as their prim ary tool in completing and performing tasks. Examples of these tasks would be the analyzing, researching of data, the business organization would also have the shorter cycle times, products that would be marketed the costs that are related to the business organization would be reduced.

Target costing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

hind end existing - Case Study ExampleThus the cost has never been a primary reflection for the lodge. But the changes which aroused the belligerent environment of the company were cost competition and result innovation with its competitors. The fraud of the bare-ass segment related to the sports utility vehicle and other market niches are the other factors of the competitive environment for Mercedes. Answer 2 The main changes that took place in the worldwide luxury automobiles were the introduction of the new products in the market which led to the rise in the competition of the company partnering with the suppliers reduction in the complexness of the system new emphasis was being placed on the cost control of respective companies whereas Mercedes cost control was being led by engineers rather than accountants the number of managerial level were being decrease which was still high with Mercedes the concept of lead time were being introduced to tackle the costing of companie s in an organize way but Mercedes lacked accountants specifically assigned to look after the costing of the company. Answer 3 The factors establish on which MB competes with the other automobile formulaters are pricing of the product ranging from mid to upper zone, fibre and solveality of the product maintained at a very high level. The pricing of the product afore mentioned ranged as its luff customer rangers from the higher middle break to the bourgeois of the society. Through this they are able to distinguish themselves as a luxury car which is also affordable by a section of the middle class of the society. This helps in expanding the customer base of the company. However, the quality and the functionality of the company are kept high for maintaining the world-class standard. Moreover, Mercedes does non produce the most expensive sports utility car unlike Land Rover. Furthermore, Mercedes does not strictly pursue target costing as the cost control measure of the company so as to produce the lowest priced product in its class (Cooper 163). Answer 4 The product line expansion has occurred though its new expansion as the traditionally luxury-oriented manufacturer. The latest add-ons to the company are A-class, C-class, SLK, E-class and M-class. The recent introduction of the company includes off-road vehicles and new sports car. The C-class which is a mid-sized vehicle also referred to as the baby-Benz. The target costing of a company primarily comprises of three components namely, target cost which is obtained by subtracting target profit from the target selling price of the product of the company. So as to diminish the cost of the company it should focus on the customer group and alike(p) products both potential as well as existing. However the profit margin of the company depends on the critical volume of the company which is the production volume. Since Mercedes is an automobile manufacturing company, it is dependent on capital intensive structu re which in turn is based on the NPV model. Furthermore the NPV of the company is determined from the long-run profitability, cost of capital, gross revenue volume by class and profitability across vehicle classes. Answer 5 The development of the force comprises of five steps namely, categorically ranking the consumer importance, target cost percentage by function group, categorising of the function group matrix, importance matrix and the target cost matrix. Development of the

Illiad and Odyseey Greek Mythology about the Soul Essay

Illiad and Odyseey Greek Mythology about the Soul - Essay ExampleThe infernal region was ruled by Hades, and all souls after(prenominal) physical death went there. Greek religious beliefs were not write down in parchments but were orally elucidateed on from one generation to another. In every culture, larger-than-life stories were created, basing on religious beliefs, and exchanged through word of mouth so that the thoughts and beliefs took deep roots in society. While philosophy was hard for the average human being to understand, fictionalized accounts were easily comprehended. Heroic stories had the power to pass on values and moral to people rather than scripts intended to preach religion. Narratives based on adventures of run and idealistic protagonists, therefore, became popular among masses and the authors interlaced such sagas with religious and philosophical thoughts in a mien accessible to ordinary people. Thus, Iliad and Odyssey, the two epics by Homer, have a stron g influence not completely on Greek culture but also on their religion.Homers Odyssey is an account of Odysseus wages to Ithaca from the Trojan War. It narrates his adventures and how he overcame the wrath of Poseidon, with the help and blessings of Goddess Athene, daughter of Zeus. Odyssey concentrates on the happenings in Odysseus native land, Ithaca during a twenty year period when he was away from his motherland, and the tribulations suffered by his faithful wife Penelope and son Telemachus. Finally, after a long and arduous struggle, Odysseus returns to his land, with the help of the goddess Athene, and is reunited with his wife and son. He also succeeds in killing all the suitors who wanted to marry Penelope during his long absence from Ithaca. As was the contemporary practice prevalent during that quantify the dead were not buried but cremated. The practice of building a mould with all the ripe funeral rites was also practiced. (Homer, 1991. p.12, line 293).

Internet Tools for Dirt Bikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet Tools for bastard Bikes - Essay ExampleSince Dirt Bikes already offers Internet entranceway to every employee who uses a desktop computer, it would be prudent to develop private network by utilizing the present network connections. Intranet would thus be a viable alternative. Other internet tools I would recommend for the company are Virtual Private entanglement (VPN) and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The table below summarizes the benefits of the recommended internet tools (Bias 52) Internet toolsDepartmentBenefits Intranet sales and Marketing Private Secure Protected by firewall Prevents unauthorized access of information Easy access of information Improved sales through convenient tracking Higher productivity Reduced beHuman ResourceExtra security Easy-to-navigate environment Easy accessibility Access rights Interactive interface Less time spent on searching information Replaces cumbersome manuals Saves time and paperManufacturing and takings Easy consolidat ion of selective information from many sources Increased speed of access Intranet offers centralized manufacturing and publishing of data Fosters collaboration between manufacturing and other functional groups Easy identification of product problems Improved inventory bind Easy implementation of design changes Reduced cost Enhanced productivity

Performance Reviews (Human Resource Management) Essay

Performance Reviews (Human Resource Management) - Essay voiceShe at one point disputed some of my achievements on the basis that she did not believe I was capable of that since my background was miserable. However, much I tried to display my competence during the revue, the supervisor was not impressed. I realized that her motive was to instil the anger in me and evoke a negative response so as she could get a chance to get me down. I tried to play calm every(prenominal) through the review, answering only the questions that were not personal. However, I was utterly discouraged when she indicated on my report that I was uncooperative in the review.Although I forwarded my grievances to the superiors in the organization and was given a consideration, I still sapidity offended by the actions of the supervisor and it is my feeling that such people should not be allowed to conduct reviews. Moreover, blush with shortages of staff performance reviews should not be based on a single pers on review as this increases the risk of

Financial Aspect of Health Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Aspect of Health Care - Assignment ExampleThis is because discerning the healthcare costs ensures financial efficiency of the patient. speak to knowledge modifys the consumer to plan (budget) for products and services this will enable him or her to choose the most appropriate and affordable health product or service provider.The remove total fraud value in the healthcare sector in the USA is not known. The political science Accountability Office, in 2010, illustrated that $48 billion dollars were used in improper payments in the health sector. That is almost 10% of the outlays for that year totaling to $500 billion. However, Erick Holder, the US Attorney General illustrates that approximately $60-90 billion fraud in 2010 in the Medicaid and Medicare fraud (Pear, 2008). Waste occurs in the health sector programs through misallocation of financial resources for example allocating a lot of finances to non essential projects.Cost containment entails controlling the expense s or costs needed in operating(a) a healthcare organization, or implementing a health project within planned budgetary limits. Cost containment exercise is a significant forethought function, because it ensures cost efficiency. This is through using appropriate expenses to achieve mean healthcare targets. The most appropriate metaphor for cost containment is financial budget. This is because it sets limits in the financial use in healthcare, so as to realize efficiency and effective management of funds allocated for healthcare (Pear, 2008).Healthcare is considered a business because it applies the theory and principles of management. One of the principles of management illustrates a scalar chain of command. This describes the flow of authority and role from a single top level, to the lower levels of the health organizations. In healthcare, instructions flow from the top management of the health institution, through the middle management, to the lower and non-managerial staffs. He althcare is a delivery system because it aims at

Final exam essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Final run - Essay ExampleTo avoid consequences, we make an agreement with other masses in the guild by denouncing the unacceptable ways and practice doing the acceptable things. Contract theory lays emphasis on the need for legal expert in the society. For a peaceful coexistence and satisfaction of basic needs people should seek to have a contract where they exchange goods and services. John Locke had the view that the ethical pre-political state of the society is assured by a divinely ordered natural commandment. John Rawls Theory of Justice argued that a group of rational and artless individuals will create a beneficial principle of justice as the basis for regulation of only duties, power, rights, and wealth.Social contract theory plays the role of setting up rules that govern behaviors that are acceptable by all people in the society. Contract theory creates an orderly society and enhances cooperation in the production of cordial goods (Gauthier1990). For this to be possib le everyone in the society should be involved in the contract. This will ensure that the support and property of the people in the society has been protected. Contract theory aims at removing the notion of utilitarianism or self-interest. It argues that people follow the set rules for the advantage of the society as a whole.Contract theory has been applied by the Government in the form of a constitution. A constitution is a list of things that serve the society to enhance orderliness. The laws in the constitution are amended to accommodate the needs of the individuals in the society. I confide that the constitution ensures that politicians who refer themselves as public servants though they mostly follow their self-interests. The purpose of the constitution is to handgrip the politicians in check. The constitution bars the politicians from overusing their powers (Gauthier 1990).The success of the Contract theory has been widespread and this has attracted critics as well. Feminist s and race conscious philosophers have

Military Sciences 4 Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Military Sciences 4 Questions - Essay ExampleOn the other side, the interim governing body in Afghanistan was helpless because it was facing a number of internal and external problems like corruption, illegal trade of opium, develop economy and credential breach. At the same time, Taliban was seeking cooperation with al-Qaida and to subdue the interim government in Afghanistan. In National Defense dodge document, the defense secretary (2008) makes light-headed that Violent extremist movements such(prenominal) as al-Qaeda and its associates comprise a complex and urgent challenge (p.2). As the Middle eastern (say, especially Afghanistan) is considered as the core of inter topic terrorist plots, the national interest of the United States is at risk in this area. To be specific, the 9/11 incident proves that al-Qaida in Afghanistan is behind the global spread of terrorism. So, the U.S. government must deal with the grass root level reason behind the global spread of terrorism. to the highest degree all the world nations face the problem of terrorism and religious fundamentalism. In addition, the problem of terrorism ass be dealt with array involvement because other ways prove ineffective. Our military involvement supports the vital national interest because the ultimate project of the US forces in Afghanistan is to interrupt and dismantle the international terrorist groups which operate from Afghanistan. ... So, sensation can easily identify that the situation in Afghanistan is worse and US security is at risk. Besides, military involvement in this area aims to keep pressure upon the terrorist groups like Taliban and al-Qaida. In short, military involvement in Afghanistan is unavoidable because it supports the vital national interest of the United States. 2. The Department of Defense (DoD)s tendency to tenseness on conventional conflicts is based upon the Cold War dodge. One can easily identify that this strategy is not practical and is impossible to a ction in unsteady wars. For instance, the international terrorist groups make use of irregular war and conventional warfare based upon military power cannot withstand the same. So, the 2008 National Defense Strategy (NDS) is vital to counterbalance DoDs tendency to focus on conventional conflicts. Within this context, NDS aims to implement a number of measures. One can see that the NDS provides ample importance to long-term effort by confronting the challenges faced by conventional warfare, which proved to be ineffective. From a different angle of view, NDSs aim to adopt innovation into the context of contingency planning, development of different forces, and intelligence work are concluding important to amalgamate innovation into DoD. In National Defense Strategy document, the defense secretary (2008) makes clear that We must tailor deterrence to fit particular actors, situations, and forms of warfare (p.12). Besides, the NDS is aware of the importance of irregular warfare in Ir aq and Afghanistan. For instance, irregular warfare tactics and partnership can be helpful to win wars in the Middle Eastern regions. One can see that NDS put forth innovative ideas to equip the security

The Delivery of Health Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The legal transfer of Health Services - Essay ExampleAs a matter of fact, more detailed results and info on the progress of the uncomplainings state of health and response to medication can be obtained through telecommunication between the patient and the healthcargon provider based at the hospital. More interestingly is the fact that on that point is available telemonitoring software program that can automatically relay information to the medical attendant since such software always enables the healthcare provider to remain in touch with the patient. Depending on what kind of response the health care provider obtains from the patient of from the software following monitoring of patients progress from diagnostic devices fixed on the patient, the medical attendant can comfortably make an informed decision on the type of medication to administer. The doctor may, therefore, decide to administer the treatment during the next time that the patient reports to the hospital (Newman et al., 2012).Precisely, some of the parameters that are monitored by the telemonitoring devices previously mentioned include the heart rate, blood pressure in the case of either hypertension or hypotension, the level of glucose in the blood, weight of the patient and the status of hemoglobin among others. So long as the patient undergoing diagnosis has the diagnostic devices properly fixed on the specific anatomical locations, it is very viable to monitor changes in vital signs by the healthcare provider at the hospital while the patient comfortable settles at home.

Price Leadership in Coffee Shops Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Price Leadership in Coffee Shops - Coursework ExampleAll of these chocolate shops occupy specific strategic moves for them to obtain substantial market sh be, competitive advantage and long-term existence in their industry. Their ultimate goal is to increase profitability, which is the bottom line. However, one of the obvious strategies that can be identified when it comes to how these java shops compete with each(prenominal) other is based through the price of their product offerings.The proponent visited these three coffee tree shops and recorded the recent prices of their product offerings which include Cappucino, Cafee Latte, Chai Latte, Americano, Mocha, Espresso, and Hot Chocolate.The actual raw data gathered by the proponent are shown in Appendix 1 to 3. Common product offerings among the three coffee shops are Cappucino, Cafee Latte, Americano, Mocha, Espresso and Hot Chocolate. Each of these product offerings has corresponding three kinds of prices namely for small, reg ular and large categories.The corresponding prices of each category of offerings are shown in Tables 1 to 3. For visual identification of differences in the respective prices of the offerings of the three coffee shops, a bar graph is used in plotting the raw data from Appendix 1 to 3.In most of the categories of product offerings from among the three coffee shops and as shown in the previous tables, Starbucks seems to be in the hunt down when it comes to pricing. From regular category of product offerings, Starbucks prices for its product offerings are relatively higher than those of Costa Coffees. The same trend is observed from regular to large category types of offerings. Starbucks relatively prevailed over than the prices of Costa Coffee and Caffe Nero.As stated earlier, Starbucks had more than 700 stores in 2009 and more than half of them are in London. This company is still development and in fact, has dominated in its industry. The very proof is its

Right and left handed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Right and left hand handed - Essay ExampleThis is why a person with an increase ability to use the right hand is referred to as dextral while those with skills in the left ar called morganatic. In that prospect, health experts agree that hand preference happens to infants mostly when they are at 6 months of age. However, on that point are several theories that attempt to explicate the reasons for handedness and their superseding functionalities (Annet, 2002). On that perspective, it is significant to report that the plurality with right-handedness make up most 70-90% while their left-handed counterparts are only 10%. Therefore, this makes left-handed battalion a minority because the world is unnaturally angled in favor of the right-handed people. Among the most habitual theories that help to explain the usage of right and left hand is that of the brain hemisphere. Scientists and biologists have accepted the nominal head of a relationship between the motor control of speech and other fine motor skills. In that respect, these scientists report in their studies that the brain is subdivided into the left and right hemisphere. This subdivision ensures every part of the brain has its unmatched functions that give people of different handedness different advantages of the other (Nicholls et al, 2010). Therefore, research indicates speaking is controlled by the left side of the brain while the control of the body is done by the right side of the brain. Additionally, about 50% of left-handed individuals process their speech on the left part of their brain while the other 95% of right-handed individuals use the same side of the brain. It is imperative to none that people do not necessarily decide to either use left or right hand in their functionalities of life. However, there are inherent merits of either using right or left hand because of brain phylogeny and the structuring of their hemispheres. This brings the supposed advantages of people who are left -handed especially in the areas of visual-spatial skills. Additionally, left-handed people are excessively dexterous in spatial layouts thus they make the majority of musicians, architects, artists and mathematicians (Annet, 2002). This is backed by studies that discovered that 20% of more than 100,000 students who took Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) excelled and they were left-handed individuals (McManus, 2004). This is was twice the number recorded for the right-handed people that stood at 10%. Alternatively, studies also indicate that left-handedness reduces arthritis and other diseases that are prevalent among right-handed people. butterfingered individuals are also adept at higher creativity because of the workings of the right brain regions that canalize information between the hemispheres simultaneously. On the other hand, right-handed people have a lot of competence in the mastery of language especially in the development of phonology and semantics. This is also manifest ed in the hired man where right handed people are better than their counterparts. For instance, the writing of languages such as Arabic and Hebrew, right-handed people are well placed. There is also an increased evolutionary fitness that entails higher weight, durable adult weight and care in handling pressing situations that is not easy with left-handed individuals (Annet, 2002). check to research, there are several factors that may determine the probability of person becoming either left-handed or

Financial Crisis and Their Possible Solutions Essay

Financial Crisis and Their Possible Solutions - Essay ExampleIt is manifestly clear from the discussion that fiscal crisis affected most parts of the world. It began in the US after the Difficulties in the US submarine market that had rapidly rocketed and spilled all over the world. Bordo et al queue up that the frequency of the financial crisis is higher than the previous one and can be comparable only to the Great Depression. It had detrimental imp personations on different sectors of the economy in all countries. Reinhart, Reinhart and Rogoff have, in the past days documented the effects of the banking crisis that argon typically proceeding by credit booms and asset price bubbles. They note that on average 35% real drop in housing prices stretch over a to almost six years. integrity prices fall over 55% over a period of 3 years, while output in those countries fall by 9% in two years, unemployment increases by 7% in four years while an 86% debt increase based on the pre-crisi s level. Many models have documented the effects of the financial crisis. Adrian and Shin, Brunnermeier have documented a thorough review of the events preceding the financial crisis in late 2007 and aboriginal 2008. They note that the seeds of financial crisis can be traced back to the low interest rates policies adopted by the Federal Reserve and other world central banks after the collapse of the technology stock bubbles. The expect for the debt securities by Asian banking institutions aided in fuelling the economic crisis. Acting as financial intermediaries, banks channel money to potential investors. Through the process of borrowing and lending, they benefit from a diversified portfolio of risk sharing. They also act as monitors (Diamond, 1984) and streamline loans to well-organized customers (Gorton and Kahn, 1994) and other vital roles in maturity transformations. This implies that in crisis, every banking institution becomes concerned. For instance, dingle Aricia and Raj an (2008) provide that banks grief contributes to a decline in credit and low GDP .Further evidence provides that those sectors, which heavy depend on external financing, perform relatively dismal during the banking crises. These effects atomic number 18 stronger and severe in developing countries. In addition, the report note that over the last two decades, banking sector continues to be multiplex in its modes of operations. For instance, banks use various instruments to hedge risks. However, despite the complexity banks have remained sensitive to the panics and runs. Gorton (2008) note that holders of short-run liabilities feared to fund banks as they the anticipated losses in the sector could have in their securities. The recent look for proposes two theories to give a tentative explanation on the causes of the bank panics and runs. One argues that panics are undesirable events caused by random withdrawals unrelated to the changes in the real economy. Bryant (1980) and Diam ond and Dybig (1983) note that agents have uncertain needfully that relates to consumption. If other depositors believe and can even further establish the slightest of evidence, then all the agents will find it rational and imperative to redeem their claims from banking institutions and will cause the panics and banks runs. Another theory explains that banking crises are natural outset of the business cycle. An economic slump will reduce the value of the bank resources, heightening the possibility that banks are unable to meet

Current Trend in Telecommunications Research Paper

Current crusade in Telecommunications - Research Paper ExampleOne of the sectors that demonstrate this fact clearly is restless telecommunications which has been growing tremendously over the last decade all around the world, with competitive entry and the setting up of technological standards playing a key part in dissemination of technology (Gruber 2005). The size of the runny communications industry is growing by the day and the next set of devices that exit be availed to consumers will adopt cutting edge technology for better servings at even lower costs. The training and growth in technology has been steady from 1G, then 2G, to 3G and now 4G (Mobile Communications, 2007). It was inevitable that these knowledges would lead to 4G Long barrier Evolution, as operators all over the world are tending to shift from voice-driven revenue to broadband and to an accomplishment video (Nolle, 2010). As a result, one of the most exciting fields of study in terms of current trends i n the telecommunications industry is 4G LTE wireless networks, where its history, a detailed description of the technology involved, the most presumptive future trends, the companies involved, the regulatory issues and finally the implications especially with relation to globalization form a good nucleotide of study.Background of Wireless NetworksIt is important to first study the history of wireless technologies that finally led to the development of 4G LTE. The development of mobile communication technologies has been divided into distinct generations. To begin with there was the 1G, which describes the initial analog mobile phone technology examples of which are the NMT and AMPS technologies (Mobile Communications, 2007). 1G cellular wireless system featured analog modulation and was primarily designed to deliver voice-based services. They were the first to use a cellular system and automati bodey switch an on-going call (Arunabha et al, 2010). 2G technology then came about, de scribed as the first digital mobile phone systems. 2G enabled users to access digital speech services and data capabilities from their devices, albeit to a limited extent. Examples of 2G technologies include GSM, IS95 CDMA and PDC. An enhanced version of 2G was then positive and dubbed 2.5G availing considerably high data rates and packet data services. GSM led the way in this with their bounce and GPRS systems. This is what is mostly available to many users across the world as of now (Mobile Communications, 2007). 2G technologies brought several advantages mainly including utility of system capacity and voice quality (Holma et al, 2007). The third generation or 3G/UMTS/W-CDMA are designed to crack up high speed mobile internet, quality services and video telephony (Mobile Communications, 2007). In comparison to 2G, 3G provided higher data speeds, better voice capacity and in an altogether new concept, support for advanced applications such as multimedia services. 3G technolog ies enabled better voice services, games, browsing and email, streaming multimedia services among others, and thus a clear improvement over 2G (Arunabha et al, 2010). After the 3G technology, operators then envisioned something beyond it they could adopt HSPA, deploy WiMAX or deploy LTE. LTE provided an option for many operators who had not yet adopted 3G to bypass HSPA (Arunabha et al, 2010). When it was conceptualized, it was pictured that 4G would provide neer before experienced high speed internet with a high capacity, protocol based service that would be available at lower costs per bit. It was to be a combination of several subsisting technologies optimized for efficacy, including celluart network, wireless LAN, 3G and others, all connected together using relevant

Jazz is a Unique Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jazz is a Unique Style - Essay ExampleThe crowd was generally dressed casually and had a good variety of listeners, ranging from young people to much older ones. What I quickly noniced was that the environment was non as unemotional as I had expected it would be. I had done a bit of enquiry into Jazz music forward to the concert and I expected the audience to be dead quiet and listening attentively to the music. This was not the case as part of the crowd was unbearably noisy as compared to other concerts I waste been to. This select part of the crowd did not seem to appreciate the sincerely yours beautiful music that was universe performed. In past concerts I have been in, loud conversations and disruptive noises were not allowed as this was seen to be distracting the performers as well as the audience who were listening attentively. I was amazed though at how well the musicians performed despite this. It was almost as if they had anticipated it. I believe this goes to prove that these musicians nates perform anywhere and still do a stellar job. The integral time I was there, I listened closely to the music, watched the performer go through the motions and I felt care my mind and emotions wandered in mingled with the melodies. I must admit that I enjoy the guitar most since my childhood, so watch and listening to backside Pisano playacting it was very rewarding. I got wrapped up in his playing and got a thrill watching him strum the guitar. This shout had a constant tempo it was slow, funky and had an earthy expire to it which made it sound more same(p) the blues.... I had done a bit of research into Jazz music prior to the concert and I expected the audience to be dead quiet and listening attentively to the music. This was not the case as part of the crowd was unbearably noisy as compared to other concerts I have been to. This select part of the crowd did not seem to appreciate the truly beautiful music that was being performed. In past conce rts I have been in, loud conversations and disruptive noises were not allowed as this was seen to be distracting the performers as well as the audience who were listening attentively. The only time there was noise was when the mathematical operation was everyplace and everyone applauded. I was amazed though at how well the musicians performed despite this. It was almost as if they had anticipated it. I believe this goes to prove that these musicians can perform anywhere and still do a stellar job. The whole time I was there, I listened closely to the music, watched the performer go through the motions and I felt like my mind and emotions wandered in between the melodies. I must admit that I enjoy the guitar most since my childhood, so watching and listening to John Pisano playing it was very rewarding. I got wrapped up in his playing and got a thrill watching him strum the guitar. I was hooked from the very first song they played. This song had a constant tempo it was slow, funky and had an earthy sound to it which made it sound more like the blues. John Pisano seemed to be improvising during hissolo on the guitar. The bassist was also magnificent on this particular night and his performance was both strong and melodic. This was evident on the second song, in which he actually picked up his stem turn and employed the arco technique.

Pph Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pph - Assignment ExampleData relating to previous pregnancies and post pctum hemorrhage were obtained from population-based united birth and hospital-discharge records that were identified. These information with a population-based design study were consisted of 4,000 participants, in which 300 geeks of hemorrhage was identified, including 50 cases of intense postpartum hemorrhage.Purposive random ingest was done for the sample selection. Snowball sampling was done to take care randomization. This sampling method is conducted where each member of a criterion-defined population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. All randomly selected participants were analyzed using medical files and medication administration records (which includes the dose, time and r show upe given) that were use for data collection. The use of these records was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. Chosen respondents from the afor ementioned sampling method were personally informed by the researcher through direct interview, emails and phone calls.The study was carried out on from the medical records of women who have given birth in which active management of labor was enforced which include the administration of uterotonic drugs. Maternal age, parity, gestation, mode of delivery, cause of postpartum hemorrhage and grade of doctor managing the case were recorded. Specifically, the medication administration records were the main sources of data. With this, administration of uterotonic drugs can be closely monitored, as to the time, dosage, frequency and intervals. substantial medical files are also accessed to assess effectiveness of the treatment methods and the actual patient responses to the treatment strategy.The data obtained will be treated unbiased and the confidentiality of the information and identity will not be disclosed. unhurried names will not be used instead codes will be assigned to

Poverty in Canada Essay Example for Free

Poverty in Canada EssayPoverty in Canada has been a long debate on the political and social fronts of the lodge. tally to 2005 reports, an estimated over ten percent of the Canada population be funding in piteousness. Of much concern is the ever increasing rate of foot little(prenominal)ness experienced in the nation over the ultimo tense two decades (Lee, 2000). However, numerous reports withdraw indicated that the value of scantness in Canada is negated by the governing bodys stroke to puddle a definite method of measuring need levels. True to the letter, Canadians are current go about with the debate on whether compulsory or relative cardment of indigence is the best in find out poverty levels in the nation. Nevertheless, numerous whole tones return been put in place to promote poverty drop-off strategies in many provinces of Canada. In addition, non- political sympathiesal organizations are increasingly engaging in community based poverty step-down projects. This musical theme is written as a discussion on poverty in Canada.The causality will in particular look at the statistics of poverty in the nation, how poverty is measured in Canada, and the current poverty decrement measures being implemented. Poverty in Canada Poverty in Canada has been an historical replication for many centuries. According to available statistical information, poverty in the nation remains a wavering between economic growth and recession as well as numerous evolving initiatives by the political sympathies to assist minor income members of the community (Raphael, 2002). This information still indicates the emergence of organized assistance to the poor in the twentieth century.True to available literature, most of the poor assistance programs are generally funded by the church. This is sheer from the catholic encyclopedia, which funds approximated over eighty s even out hospitals in the Canadian nation leaveing for the poor members of the commu nity (Surhone, 2009). On the other hand, the government has been on the forefront in addressing poverty issues among its citizens. Such atomic number 50 be historically evident from the establishment of the Canadas welfare state after the great printing as was initiated by Bennett and Mackenzie King.Nevertheless, the problem of poverty in Canada is still a major threat to the sustainable social and economic development of the Canadians. From a 2003 statistical reports, an estimated poverty rate of over 10% has been describe (Raphael, 2002). This percentage has been confirmed by the central intelligence agency as an official quantify although the absolute rate is undoubtedly expected to be high. However, the Canadian federal government seems not to agree with this value and have published a current poverty rate to have gone down for the past sixty years to a value less than five percent (Raphael, 2002).This value was determined on the basis of the fundamental needs poverty meas ure and deviates very much from what is comprehend to be real. galore(postnominal) organizations top on the list being the Fraser institute have not appreciated this value and indicate the Canadian federal government as extremely exaggerative. The above contradiction between the government and these orthodox organizations has been compounded by the fact that the Canadian federal government has failed to endorse any metric measure of poverty including hardly not limited to the low income have it off off.Altogether, the Canadian federal government seems to have realized the tint of poverty to the society and have employed several measures to reduce it. This is evidenced by the continued decline of poverty in the recent time 1996 when recession which was marked with low income rates. For instance, statistics shows that the less fortunate people such as the physically disabled, mentally ill, and single parent mothers are experiencing higher income rates. Students and recent immig rants have at least higher or average low income rate thusly they can afford the sanctioned needs. Measures of poverty in CanadaThe establishment of an official poverty measuring dust in America has been marked with many controversies top on the list being the fact that politicians have failed to agree on a precise definition of poverty (Groot-Maggett, 2002). The have therefore ignored the engagement of statistics Canada of defining poverty by it unable and unworthy to determine what is necessary to be a grassroots necessity. The government and some research institutes use different methods to estimate the extent of poverty of poverty in Canada. However, a debate has emerged on the supremacy of absolute and relative methods of measuring the depth of poverty.The author of this paper discuses both the absolute and the relative measures of poverty. One of the absolute measures of poverty is the basic needs poverty measure. According to libertarian Fraser institutes economist Chris sarlo, the basic needs poverty measure was conceived to be a poverty thresh sr. (Groot-Maggett, 2002). According to this basic needs approach of poverty, basic needs are those things which are necessary by people for their physical goods over a long time depending on the current living standards of that particular society.This measure was designed based on different information obtained fro various sources which include but not limited to statistics Canada. An extensive assessment of how much a person can spend in the house was established to give this measure the originality and substance it deserves. This was accomplished by examining the cost of various things which where perceived to meet the above definition of basic need. This included food, clothing, shelter, personal care, transport and communication for different types of societies. base on the above research and by putting inconsideration the family size, the number of families which had insufficient income to cater for t hose necessities were determined. earlier on, the amount of income postulate to cater for the basic necessities was determined on the basis of gross income which was inclusive of old age pensions and employment insurances. Currently however, the net income has been used the financial ability of a family to sustain its basic requirements (Lee, 2000).A worthy noting point is that this net income is based on reports which can be marked with shift such as unreported and underground means of earning income. Based on the basic needs poverty measure, have gone down with an appreciatable rate to a value less than 5% which is estimated to represent less than 2million Canadians. Another absolute measure of poverty is termed the market basket measure. This was designed and established in 2003 by the Canadian government through its department of human resources and skills development (Raphael, 2002).The market basket measure of poverty accommodated a wider range of basic needs than the basic need measure. For instance, it put in consideration the community size and location for at least 48 communities in Canadians and then estimated the sufficient amount of income required to meet those needs. This measure is still understudy and is expected to cover more than 400 communities. The main worthy relative property measures is the income distribution measure commonly known as income inequality metrics, gives information regarding the transition of income in a given community.Its effectiveness is evidenced by the fact that when a given assemblage of people ontogenesiss their income rate then there is a high probability of those earning less to feel an increase in their income. Another often quoted as a relative measure of poverty is the low income cut off which has received many critics from the statistics Canada and they have disregarded it as not a measure of poverty by saying that it does not give reliable and accurate fingers. The low income cut off measure was based on the gross income but the statistics Canada have given reports of both the gross and the net income (Marseken, Timpledon, Surhone, 2009).This measure was designed to give the lowest mark which when exceeded a family will have to spend much to cater for basic needs such as food shelter and clothing. Recent results based on this measure showed that approximate of 9. 4% lives below the low the current threshold of 63% of the total family income. Poverty reduction measures Like any other country in the world which is conscious of the well being of its people, the Canadian government through the provinces has employed several measures to eliminate poverty and a gain to reduce its impact to the people. Top on the list of these important measures is reduction of evaluate burdens.This is evidenced by the progressive income tax system in Canada which has resulted to a difference of about 5% between the gross and net low income cut off (Pohl, 2002). Government social programs cannot go un mentioned here because of their importance and effectiveness in succumbing poverty. The Canadian government has come up with a broad range of social programs aimed at helping the virtue income people. These programs include but not limited to old age security and employment insurance which have seen through the reduction of chances of falling to poverty of people who were rendered unemployed.In addition to this, government funds have been channeled to subsidizing education and public health with an aim of improving the living standards of people with low income (Raphael, 2002). Another government measure which cannot escape this discussion is the introduction of the lower limit wage laws. The constitution of Canada includes the minimum wage laws, which even though they vary for different provinces, they have confirmed there effectiveness in standardizing wages by making sure that people with law income are not exploited (Raphael, 2002).The minimum set minimum wage is $8. 00 per hou r although it can go a bit down for unskilled workers. Conclusion In conclusion therefore, poverty is not well defined in Canada because of the failure of politicians to agree on the necessities which should be basic. However, the above discussion shows that a considerable number of people in Canada are poor and lacks the basic needs a defined by the basic needs measure of poverty. In addition to this, the governments effort to eliminate poverty as well as reducing its impacts cannot fail to be appreciated.This is it has invested sufficiently in social programs and in the enforcement of the minimum law wages which have seen through the reduction of poverty and its effect to the people. It also safeguard the less fortunate people and ensured that the poor people are not exploited or robed there right of living a good life. References Groot-Maggetti, G. (2002). A measure if Poverty in Canada. A Guide to the Debate about Poverty. Retrieved August 1, 2010, from http//action. web. ca/hom e/cpj/attach/A_measure_of_poverty. pdf Lee, K. (2000). Urban Poverty in Canada Statistical Profile. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from http//www.ccsd. ca/pubs/2000/up/ Marseken, S. , Timpledon, M. , Surhone, L. (2009). Poverty in Canada Poverty, Minimum Wage, Measuring Poverty, Income Taxes in Canada, scotch History of Canada, Great Depression in Canada, Basic Needs, Economic Inequality.Toronto Betascript Publishers. Pohl, R. (2002). Poverty in Canada. Retrieved August 1, 2010, from http//www. streetlevelconsulting. ca/homepage/homelessness2InCanada_Part2. htm Raphael, D. (2002). Poverty, Income Inequality, and Health in Canada. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from http//www. povertyandhumanrights. org/docs/incomeHealth. pdf

Closing the Gap Between Science and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Closing the Gap amongst Science and Ethics EssayThe rapid development of nanotechnologies has already become the distinctive cause of the postmodern technological reality. Societies live in the atmosphere of the rapid technological advancement, and virgin technological achievements and small variations atomic number 18 no longer a surprise. Nanotechnologies have a potential to become the source of revolutionary waves in contemporary society.The effects of such revolutions, however, will depend on how well the existing scientific, political, economic, and social institutions stomach mediate the society-nanotechnology relationships and whether they bath promote public acceptability and positive expectations regarding nanotechnology. The current state of science is characterised by the growing recess in the midst of nanotechnologies and ethics. Equity, privacy, security, and environmental aspects remain the issues of the major(ip) scientific concern.Today, professionals i n nanotechnology need to regard the basic standards of their scientific performance and develop effective cooperation frameworks, which will help societies meet their ethical require and will speed up the integration of nanomaterials with all spheres of human development and growth. In his article, Douglas Parr asserts that nanotechnologies ar belike to produce a revolutionary wave of innovations in society. That nanotechnologies are breaking the ice of scientific illiteracy in the postmodern society cannot be denied.To a large extent, nanotechnologies mark the beginning of a bleak stage in the societys movement toward scientific and human perfection. Recent advancements in nanotechnology endorse the need for the scientific community to develop effective cooperation ties with the rest of non-scientific population, and there are several reasons for that. rootage and fore nigh, seek and advancement in nanotechnologies have resulted in the major advances in material science, m icroscopy, and better reasonableness of the borderline between quantum and classical physics, which produce significant effects on society.Second, nanotechnologies will lead to a major revolution and produce serious scientific and social shifts in society. Third, the around developed countries right away integrate nanotechnologies with their innovation systems and consider nanotechnologies as the basic driver of wealth creation. Fourth, numerous nanotechnology applications will be introduced into the market. In this atmosphere, society must familiarise itself with the recent advances in nanotechnology. Moreover, society must realise that nanotechnologies can be equally good and uncollectible.As a result, the question is in how to obtain the good of nanotechnologies without the bad and whether it is possible at all. Unfortunately, the current state of nanotechnologies makes it difficult for scientists and society to distinguish the good effects of the nanotechnological revolution from its negative implications. The problem is not only in that debates about nanotechnology from governments have been dominated by the unsubdivided metric of the amount of money being put into nanotechnology for international competitiveness reasons. The problem is in that a large gap between ethics and nanotechnologies exists and influences negatively the development of the postmodern science. The number of scientific publications on nanotechnologies rapidly increases, but the number of publications that discuss ethical and social implications of nanotechnologies is at least scarce. The funds on hand(predicate) for ethical research in nanotechnology are not being used. The lack of effective dialogue between granting bodies, research institutes and the public may turn nanotechnologies into the source of devastating effects on society.More oftentimes than not, research institutes and public bodies do not realise that nanotechnology is associated with a whole range of ethical is sues. These issues go on equity, security and privacy, ethical implications, and even metaphysical questions. One of the first questions is who will benefit from nanotechnologies and how these benefits are to be distributed among society members. Nanotechnologies have a potential to reduce and resolve the most difficult social controversies, including poverty and animal species extinction however, this is possible only in case the products of scientific evolution are managed properly. warranter and privacy are also among the issues of serious scientific concern. Nanotechnologies will contribute to the development of radically new weapons and surveillance systems and people must decide how it will protect individual privacy against the presence of underweight invisible surveillance mechanisms. The effects of nanotechnologies on the environment are yet to be discovered. The incorporation of kitschy materials into human systems requires profound ethical and social analysis. To ensu re that nanotechnologies work for the benefit of the whole society, a closely dialogue must exist between research institutions and the public.Such dialogue will allow prioritising the most important areas of technological research. Such dialogue will also let scientists justify the choice of the most important research areas against direct determinations of societal and public aspirations in these areas. Social and ethical implications of NT research are easy to address through appropriate funding, the development of large-scale interdisciplinary research platforms, intersectional approach, the involvement of development countries in NT research, as well as the continuous engagement of the public in all major aspects of NT evolution.These changes will reduce the negative potential of nanotechnologies and will turn them into a successful instrument of collision the most sophisticated society needs. Conclusion The rapid development of nanotechnologies has already become the distin ctive feature of the postmodern reality. Unfortunately, the current state of nanotechnological research is characterised by the growing gap between science and ethics. monastic order lacks resources needed to familiarise itself with the bad and good sides of nanotechnologies and to reduce their negative potential.Today, scientists must engage in a close dialogue with the public and actively engage the public into NT evolution and research. Appropriate funding, interdisciplinary research platforms and intersectional analysis will help to reduce the existing gap between nanotechnologies and their ethical implications. BIBLIOGRAPHY MNYUSIWALLA, A. , DAAR, A. S. SINGER, P. Mind the gap Science and ethics in nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, 14 2003 R9-R13. PARR, D. Will nanotechnology make the world a better consecrate? Trends in Biotechnology, 23(8) Aug. 2008 395-398.

Consider Two Contrasting Characters In The Play Essay Example for Free

Consider Two Contrasting Characters In The Play EssayConsider two contrasting characters in the play. How does the playwright convey their personalities and their attitudes to the situation in which they find themselves?The playwright of The Long, the Short and the Tall is Willis Hall and he wrote it in 1959. The play is set in the Malaysian jungle in 1942 during the Second World War. It is about a British scout patrol, which is caught in the unexpected Nipponese advance down the Malaysian peninsula. It deals with men from all over Britain, from different backgrounds and cultures, and their relationships with individually other. The main issue though, is whether the men are fitted to kill a nonher human being. It shows their reactions in deform and almost unreal situations.World War Two lasted from 1939 to 1945. It was fought in two places in Europe against Germany and in the Pacific against Japan. Britain and the USA started fighting against Japan because Japan bombed Pearl Harbour in December 1941, which had docked a whole fleet of Ameri give the axe war ships. The British and the Americans didnt expect the Japanese to attack, so they were not able to def abrogate themselves.From here Japan continued to expand into other countries. They quickly conquered South-East Asia. The next liaison the Japanese did was to invade Singapore in Malaysia. Again the British were completely unprepared for the attack. All Singapores defences were cladding into the sea, never expecting or believing that anybody would come down the peninsula, through the jungle, however this is exactly what the Japanese did. Because no one in Singapore believed that they would be attacked from the land side, all the defences were on the ocean side, to protect against a marine attack.The Japanese were so successful because they had had better training in jungle warfare. They wore wispy clothing, had light ammunition and made use of bicycles for transport. This meant that they could travel outstanding distances in a relatively short time. at that place wasnt much hope for the British soldiers, who had little or no training in jungle warfare, they had heartr leftovering clothing and ammunition and no suitable transport.Morale in the British army was very gloomy. nigh of the soldiers were conscripts who were very cynical about the ability of the generals of the army to direct the army in the right aside and excessively because of the lack of proper training and equipment. This can be seen in the play in the room the characters talk of the wire slight not working. Damn duff equipment is how Johnstone describes the radio.To the British conscripts the Japanese army seemed invincible, with their incredibly truehearted soldiers who were prepared to die rather than surr break offer. The Japanese believed in the motto Death in the lead dishonour. They seemed a completely fearless army because of this, which didnt do the morale of the British soldiers much go od.The two contrasting characters I bear chosen to look at are Bamforth and Johnstone. I watch chosen Bamforth because his character changes a great deal throughout the play and his point of view moves to a different angle and I set out chosen Johnstone because his character is one of the few ones, which doesnt change much throughout the play.Private C. Bamforth is a conscript into the British army and has been posted over to the Far East to help fight the Japanese. He is from capital of the United Kingdom and is in the lowest possible rank in the army. His position is completely different from Johnstones. His full statute title is Corporal E. Johnstone. He is two above Bamforth in ranks and is part of the regular army and is not conscripted. This convey that is attitude to the army is different. His attitude is much less cynical and he respects authority more, in terms of Mitchem. He is cynical in one part of the play where he becomes exasperated when the radio wont work. Damn duff equipment.The whole damn issues duff. But overall he is much less cynical of the British armys capabilities. On the other side Bamforth is very cynical of the British army in the way of life he speaks of it. He apparently quotes one of the Generals, Bammo, my old son, the British armys in a horrendous situation. The yellow perils about to descend on us Here he is joking about the state of the British army, but he manifestly believes it, otherwise he wouldnt be saying it and it wouldnt be funny. also he makes clear that he isnt prepared to be a star, I wasnt meant to be a hero he states it clearly and decisively, which shows that he has no doubts about it.Bamforth enjoys making fun of others especially people who bank building defend themselves very well like Whi considerr and people who are of a certain area such as Wales or Scotland. He tends to generalise about people of a certain area and border them derogatory names. You Scotch haggis, you Cardiff creep, Youre an ignorant Welsh Taff He is a really unpleasant character in the beginning and obviously resents authrority Nit is what he says under his breath at Johnstone. Johnstone is also unpleasant in the way he threatens Bamforth, but as the person watching the play, with no knowledge of how Bamforths character will change, I found that I sympathised with Johnstone and felt glad that he was giving Bamforth what he deserved.Their initial reaction was also very similar, as it was Johnstone who grabbed the captive and ordered one of the other men to kill him with their bayonet and Bamforth was the exactly other soldier who felt able to kill him. He regarded the Japanese soldier as wholly as important as an animal. Its solo the same as carving up a pig. The prisoner was very low in his credenceJohnstone has very little contact with the prisoner he only has direct contact with the prisoner when he has the argument with Bamforth over whether the prisoner should be allowed any cigarettes. He obv iously has strong opinions on what should happen to the prisoner he thinks it is a bad decision of Mitchems to take the prisoner back as it is too risky. He tries to argue with Mitchem that they should kill the prisoner right then, before it all got out of hand. Get rid of him. Right nowStrangely enough, it is Bamforth who befriends the prisoner and talks to him and buffoonery with him. He even begins to regard the prisoner as almost human. Hes almost human this one is. His opinion of the prisoner has risen from that of animal to almost human. This is because the prisoner showed him his photos of his family. He indicates that he also has a baby, this is likely why Bamforth begins to regard him with more respect. Next Bamforth offers the prisoner a cigarette, but Johnstone knocks the prisoners from his mouth. At once Bamforth demands an account from Johnstone. Here he is clearly defending the prisoners rights, but also I think that he argues with Johnstone good because he did som ething that infringed his rights.Later on when the argument about the prisoners cigarette case begins, the playwright cleverly makes Bamforth farewell so that the argument can progress without anyone coming to the prisoners defence. When Bamforth returns the argument r separatelyes a climax he right away comes to the prisoners defence. He defends him verbally and helps the prisoner. He tells the others that he gave the prisoner the cigarettes.This may not have been true and I dont think that Johnstone really believed him. He is the one who asks to look at the case before it is returned to the prisoner and he starts another argument about the case. This time Bamforth does not claim to have given it to him, but turns the allegory back on Johnstone by making Whitaker tell the others how he has a locker full of Japanese souvenirs. He defends the prisoner all the way. This is sign that he has become really attached to the prisoner.By the end when they have to decide whether to kill th e prisoner or not, Bamforth has become very attached to the prisoner. He physically stands in-between the prisoner and Johnstone, as can be seen from the stage directions. This is a clear piece of verification that he is now prepared physically protect the prisoner not just argue for him. Its him and me. This shows that he is saying that if they want to kill the prisoner, they will have to kill him too. Also he now expresses freely that he regard the prisoner highly. Hes a man, showing that the prisoner has earned a lot of Bamforths respect. Johnstone on the other hand is the one who is trying to kill the prisoner. Johnstone still thinks they should kill the prisoner and his opinion of him has not risen either, Its a bloody nip From this we can see that he regards him as really low because he says it instead of he and uses the derogatory term of bloody nip.He orders Bamforth out of the way, but he will not move and appeals to each of the men in turn to help him. But each one turns him down, he appeals to Macleish last of all, probably hoping that at least he was going to help him because his chum salmon could be a POW too. But even he does not help Bamforth. He is obviously desperate because he turns to sheer pettiness when each of the men turn him down. I hope they hack your brother up. Get that? I hope they carve your bloody brother up In the end the decision is made for them as Whitaker shoots the prisoner as he rises, during the fight between Bamforth and Johnstone.The play offers no obvious answers to who was right or what they should have done. It was quite ironic how it is Johnstone left alive at the end who surrenders because it is was he who was prepared to kill their POW, having said this he did not have much choice in the matter. Personally I really dont know what they should have done because it was such a hard decision, but if I had to make a decision I would probably have tried to take the prisoner back to camp rather than hanging around argui ng about it.If they had done that they might have had a chance of getting back alive, but as it was they had no hope. With the benefit of hindsight, I can see that Johnstone was right, when he said that they should kill the prisoner in the beginning, when none of them were attached to the prisoner and in that respect would have been no problem. However I dont think I would be able to kill psyche in that situation even if I was ordered to.

Observations at Roosevelt middle school Essay Example for Free

Observations at Roosevelt middle educate EssayI observe at Roosevelt Middle School, which is in River Forest, in Mrs. Brauns sixth grade incline class on Tuesdays in the morning. As I have observed, I have noniced that the class agency is student-centered. During computer time, Mrs. Braun focused more on helping the students sire into the computer program to scoop out the assignment than on having enough time to get the assignment d whiz. Several times, Mrs. Braun gave helpful comments on how to do things on the computer or in the program, such as how to install automatic patch check. Mrs. Braun was in like manner rattling patient as she was being asked questions while she was trying to explain the assignment.From what I saw, somewhat students were getting bored, though, while the assignment was being explained and started whispering to each early(a). However, the whispering did stop when the students had to get started on the assignment. I have also observed that ther e seems to be a strong placed of rules in place in Mrs. Brauns classroom. This is evident through some of Mrs. Brauns subtle, and not-so-subtle, reminders. For example, she gently made an example of a student by pointing out that his decorated pen (with a silly topper on it) was not allowed in class if it was going to be played and not used.She made a general recital that all pens similar to it be not welcomed is they are going to be played with. Overall, the students follow the rules very well, and there have not been whatsoever severe disruptions. There has alone been whispering occasionally, but it halt when Mrs. Braun asked. Disciplinary strategies seem to be in place as well, although I have not seen any discipline used while I have been observing the class. There is even a routine in place in the classroom for each decimal point. During period one, first of all, old assignments are collected by Mrs. Braun, and then vocabulary is c everywhereed.Then a vocabulary assignme nt is given with any other new assignments on what is being cover in class. Next the teacher reads or goes over any assigned readings from the book that is being covered in class. This is the same basic routine for period two. The third period is computer time and the routine seems to vary. There is a quick transition from action mechanism to activity during these routines. The classroom environment is that of a basic classroom setting. There are some decorations and other things hanging on the wall. Among the decorations is a hand-made calendar on the wall by Mrs. Brauns desk.There is a business relationship of each students last name on the wall on the other side of Mrs. Brauns desk. There seems to be a controlled temperature and lighting in the classroom and they are set at an adequate setting. The room is set up with five groups of desks in a circular type shape. In the middle of the room is a carriage where new assignments are put and reading journals are kept. There are di fferent locations throughout the room for different supplies. With the layout of the room, it seems there is adequate space to move around and do in-class activities. The physical space also seems conducive to teaching and learning.The physical space, including seating and grouping arrangements, seems to enhance cooperation and learning because there seems to be less distractions around them. There seems to be fewer distractions because the students have less people to talk to than if they were seated in rows, though they may still be tempted to talk. This classroom seems to function well as a hail environment through its layout. I have observed many things in my first two observations in Mrs. Brauns class. The students do a lot of in-seat assignments, such as handouts. There seems to be a few keen projects being done but they are done mostly outside of class.I feel that some time should be spent in class working on the projects, even if it is 10-15 minutes. The layout seems like twain a good idea and a bad idea. It seems like a good idea because if one student gets stuck on something, there are others around to help. It seems to be a bad idea, though, because of what I give tongue to before, there is still the temptation for the students to talk when they are not suppose to and distract each other. The only implication I have is that it seems that some old methods are hard to leave behind, such as busy work (hand outs), for more interactive methods (interaction with each other).

Application of the Neuman Systems Essay Example for Free

Application of the Neuman Systems EssayWith concerns of our solar day to day living we do not hurt enough cadence and budget to be choosey of the type of nutriment or the nutritional value of it, what we think of nowadays is just to have something to satisfy our hunger without considering the nutrients that our body postulate each day. When we hear diet nowadays often we see it as losing weight by have in minds of controlling food intake, but the truth is diet could too mean eradicateing nutritious foods to supplement our bodys needs of nutrients and the type of foods that we be going to consume. As statistics report show that in the United States as m whatever(prenominal) as 20% of hospitalized patients be hypokalemic however, hypokalemia is clinic wholey signifi flockt in however if about 4-5% of these patients. Severe hypokalemia is relatively un harsh. Up to 14% of outpatients who undergo lab testing are found to be mildly hypokalemic .Approximately 80% of pa tients who are receiving diuretics become hypokalemic. Sex incidence is equal in males and females.The looker chose hypokalemia as a topic for a case study in acute adult diseases for the reason that hypokalemia is a fatal disease that is often neglected by the pot in the sense that people does not know what the disease is e very(prenominal)(prenominal) about. The researcher believes that through poring over the whole course of illness, insights and new information can be obtained in dealing with hypokalemia which could help students, nurses and any researcher who would endeavor in the study of hypokalemiaTheoretical FrameworkThe researcher aimed to utilize Neuman Systems Model in a knob with hypokalemia. This theory holistically developed to meet or complement for the nodes needs the researcher wants to verify and to validate the theory by using it on an acute aim called hypokalemia. The uncomparable focus of the Neuman Systems Model is the wellness of the leaf node/ thi ckening frame in relation to surroundal speech signifier and reactions to accent (Fawcett,1995).In relation to its wholistic approach According to the Neuman Systems Model and constitutionic perspective in general, wellness and wellness is defined as the coordination or the degree of form constancy, that is, the condition in which all part and sub move (variables) are in balance or harmony with the whole of the node/ guest system (Neuman,2002)Betty Neumans Systems Model is based on concepts related to stress and reaction to stress. The Neuman Systems Model includes the physiological, psychological, socio heathenish, developmental, and spiritual variables at all levels of the system (Neuman, 2002). The physiological variable deals with mental relationships and processes. The sociocultural variable deals with those functions of the system that involve social and cultural interactions and expectations. The developmental variable deals with developmental processes and needs th at vary as the system matures. The spiritual variable deals with the systems beliefs and their influence and is, according to Neuman, the least understood despite its importance (Frisch, 2006).Basic Structure consists of common knob excerption factors, as well as unique individual characteristics. It represents the basic system skill re tooth roots (Neuman, 2002). Client/client system a composite of variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual), each of which is a subpart of all parts, forms the whole of the client. The client as a system is composed of a core or basic structure of pick factors and surrounding protective concentric rings.The concentric rings are composed of similar factors, yet coif varied and different purposes in either retention, attainment, or maintenance of system stability and integrity or combination of these. The client is considered an open system in total interface with the environment. The client is viewed as a system, and the term can used interchangeably with the client/client system (Neuman, 2002). Content the variables of a person in interaction with the internecine and external environment comprise the whole client system (Neuman, 2002) class of reaction the degree of reaction is the amount of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the figure line of merchandises of defense. Environment is defined as all factors affecting and affected by the system and is all internal and external factors or influences surrounding the identified client or client system. Neuman has identified three relevant environments. The internal environment consists of all forces or interactive influences internal to or contained solely within the boundaries of the defined client/client system. The external environment consists of all forces or interactive influences external to or live outside the defined client/client system and is interpersonal and extrapersonal in nature(Neuman, 2002). Feed stern the process within which matter, energy, and information, as system output, provide feedback for corrective action to change, enhance or stabilize the system.Flexible lines of defense is a protective buffer for the clients normal or a stable tell. Ideally, it stays invasion of stressors and keeps the client system free from stressor reactions or symptomatology (Fawcett, 1995). Goal the system goal is stability for the purpose of client survival and optimal wellness. Health a continuum of wellness to illness, dynamic in nature, that is constantly subject to change. Optimal wellness or stability indicates that total system needs are be met. A reduced state of wellness is the result of unmet needs. The client is in a dynamic state either wellness or illness, in varying degrees, at any organize in time. Input/Output the matter, energy, and information exchange between client and environment that is entering or leaving the system at any point in time. Lines of resistance contain certain known and unknown internal and external resource factors that turn out the clients basic structure and normal defense line thus protecting system integrity.An example is the bodys mobilization of white blood cells or activation of immune system mechanisms. Effectiveness of the lines of resistance in reversing the reaction to stressors allows the system to reconstitute ineffectiveness leads to energy depletion (Neuman, 2002). Normal line of defense is the solid boundary line that encircles the broken internal lines of resistance. This line represents what the client has become, the state to which the client has evolved over time, or the usual wellness level. The normal defense line is a standard a net incomest any deviancy from the usual wellness state can be determined (Neuman, 2002). Prevention as preventive typology or modes for nursing action and determinants for entry of both client and nurse into the health care system. Primary streak before a reaction to str essors occurs. Secondary prevention preaching of symptoms by-line a reaction to stressors 3rd prevention maintenance of optimal wellness following treatment.Reconstitution represents the return and maintenance of system stability, following treatment of stressor reaction, which may result in higher or lower level of wellness than previously. Stability a state of balance or harmony requiring energy exchanges as the client adequately copes with stressors to retain, attain, or concur an optimal level of health, thus preserving system integrity. Stressors are environmental factors, intra-, inter-, extrapersonal factor in nature that have potential for disrupting system stability. A stress is any phenomenon that might penetrate both the flexible and normal lines of defense, resulting in either positive or negative outcome (Neuman, 2002).Intrapersonal stressors are within the internal environment of the client/client system and include such forces as conditioned and autoimmune respon ses. Interpersonal stressors are in the external environment. They occur at the boundary between the client/client system and the proximal external environment an include such forces as intent expectations and communication strains. Extrapersonal stressors also are in the external environment. They occur at the boundary of the client/client system and the distal external environment and include such forces as financial concerns or social policies (Fawcett, 1995).Wellness/Illness wellness is the condition in which all system parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole system of the client. one is based on interrelationships of variables, which determine the amount of resistance an individual has to any stressor. Illness indicates disharmony among the parts and subparts of the client system. Wholistic a system is considered wholistic when any parts or subparts can be organized into an interrelating whole. Wholistic shaping is one of keeping parts whole or stable in their inti mate relationships individuals are viewed as wholes whose component parts are in dynamic interdependent interaction.Research DesignThe researcher in this study utilized the case study method. The case study design involves an intensive exploration of a single unit of study, such as a person, very small figure of speech of subjects, family, group, community, or intro ( Burns Grove, 2003).Research localeThe study was conducted in Cebu City Medical Center located at N. Bacalso Avenue,Cebu City. Cebu City Medical Center (CCMC) is a 300 bed capacity government hospital that caters all residents of Cebu City. The client was admitted at the stroke ward, third floor which accommodates clients with physical complaints, classified under Internal medicine (IM) as cardiovascular problems. It is a 10 bed capacity ward which caters patients admitted with cardiovascular problems.Research agentThe researcher utilized Gordons functional health model as a research instrument which is categorize d in 11 domains namely health perception management pattern which explains of what the client perceives in her condition, nutritional- metabolic pattern explains for the diet of the client and regarding food groups and the number of servings per day, elimination pattern pertains to urinary and bowel patterns, instance- activity pattern points out to the activities of daily living of the client which also includes exercise, sleep-rest pattern defines the number of hours the client sleeps or on what time of the day the client takes his rest/ either its continuous or disturbed, cognitive perceptual pattern refers to the level of cognitive maturation of the client, self-perception pattern means on how the client perceives or sees herself, role-relationship pattern explains the role of the client in her family and society, sexuality-sexual functioning this domain explains if the client is sexually active or not and the number and age gap of the children the client has, coping-stress ma nagement pattern means on how the client would react to stress and what would the client do to resolve it , and values-belief system identifies the belief or religion of the client and their religious practices. entropy gathering procedureA transmittal letter was sent to the chief nurse of cebu city medical examination center. The researcher chose a client which had an acute condition to be interviewed, prior to the interview the researcher explained to the client the purpose and the goals of the interview, wherein the client agreed with her full consent and understanding. The researcher conducted a chart review of the client followed by doing a physical assessment and did an interview utilizing Gordons Health pattern tool.Chapter 2Results and interventionThis chapter presents an appraisal utilizing the Neuman Systems Model in assessing and dealing with clients with hypokalemia. Situational AppraisalThe client is a 38-year old female, which watercoursely resides at baranggay ylay a talamban Cebu City. She was born on march 10, 1975, she is a Roman Catholic by faith and is the youngest amongst two daughters of the arcsecond family her father had, and is now an orphan and a widow. She perceives her current condition as a payment for her sins, the clients sister said that the client had generation where she had epilepsy and sometimes with seizures but it disappeared later in time .She is currently unemployed and only works as an extra even though she had an unstable source of income she still managed to eat 3 times daily but with limitation of food intake vegetable is the main food source that they can afford and is only in a single food group drinks water depending on her needs or if she is thirsty.Elimination pattern is on a daily basis or depending upon the urge. Her daily activity includes waking up, sleeping, and goes to work which is considered as sedentary. Sleep and rest patterns are altered she sleeps 6-9 hours daily but is interrupted she wakes up a t night and has difficulties in falling back to sleep. The client was a third year high school level but it was not a hindrance to her to find a job. The client views herself as helpless and hopeless at some times due to her illness. She was the youngest daughter she sought all the attention of her parents but she did not rely on them she worked sturdy to be employed and she found a job as a factory worker her elderberry bush sister was had a child and which she also loved as her own, and later was married.She was married but neer had a child but she acted as a mother to her sisters son, in her current state she has no partner in life and is not sexually active for her living a single life free of obligations is fine, following by the loss of both her parents she was on depressed and drowned herself in her work just to get over following her loss, it was also aggravated when her husband died in an hazard which she had the hard time to accept and was depressed which made her let go of her job, the most depressed event of her life where she resorted to the use of prohibited drugs happened when her nephew died it was the most painful loss for her be spring she treated her nephew as her own son. The only family member that is left with her is her elder sister all of her siblings on her fathers first family is not close to them. The client believed that her present condition is a punishment to her since she forgot her obligations in the church and thought being a creditor is a sin and she is paying for it.Theory-establish AssessmentPhysiological loss of system stability demonstrated in heftiness weakness as seen in difficulty in subsisting and unfitness to ambulatePsychological loss of system stability demonstrated in feelings of uselessness and helplessnesssociocultural loss of system stability seen in lack of financial deport upon hospitalization and relative supportDevelopmental loss of system stability seen in unemployment, dependence, and a decrease in competency in current age bracket.Spiritual loss of system stability in feelings of uselessnessPsychopathophysiologyThe first is insufficient intake. Poor kB intake alone is an uncommon cause of hypokalemia but occasionally can be seen in very elderly individuals unable to cook for themselves or unable to chew or drink in well. Over time, such individuals can accumulate a significant potassium deficit. Another clinical stain where hypokalemia may occur due to poor intake is in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), where potassium supplementation may be inadequate for a prolonged period of time. The second is increased excretion. change magnitude excretion of potassium, especially coupled with poor intake, is the most common cause of hypokalemia. The most common mechanisms prima(p) to increased renal potassium losses include enhanced sodium delivery to the collecting duct, as with diuretics mineralocorticoid excess, as with primary or secondary hyperaldosteronis m or increased urine flow, as with an osmotic diuresis.Gastrointestinal losses, most commonly from diarrhea, also are common causes of hypokalemia. Vomiting is a common cause of hypokalemia, but the pathogenesis of the hypokalemia is complex. Gastric fluid itself contains little potassium, approximately 10 mEq/L. However, vomiting produces volume depletion and metabolic alkalosis. These 2 processes are accompanied by increased renal potassium excretion. Volume depletion leads to secondary hyperaldosteronism, which, in turn, leads to enhanced cortical collecting tubule secretion of potassium in response to enhanced sodium reabsorption. metabolous alkalosis also increases collecting tubule potassium secretion due to the decreased availability of hydrogen ions for secretion in response to sodium reabsorption. The third is due to a shift from extracellular to intracellular space.This pathogenetic mechanism also often accompanies increased excretion, leading to a potentiation of the hypo kalemic effect of excessive loss. Intracellular shifts of potassium often are episodic and frequently are self-limited, for example, with acute insulin therapy for hyperglycemia. Regardless of the cause, hypokalemia produces similar signs and symptoms. Because potassium is overwhelmingly an intracellular cation and because a variety of factors can regulate the actual serum potassium concentration, an individual can incur very substantial potassium losses without exhibiting frank hypokalemia. Conversely, hypokalemia does not always reflect a true deficit in total body potassium stores.Variance from wellness Nursing intervention Reconstitution Weak extremitiesSubjective cues dili nako malihok ako mga tiil as verbalise by the client.Objective cues * Client falsehood on bed * Foot plantar flexed. * Weak muscle strength and low muscle tone on extremities.Difficulty in breathingSubjective cues usahay mag lisod ko ug ginhawa as verbalized by the clientObjective cues * Enlarged chest cav ity. * Use of accessory muscles in breathing * Fast deep breaths * heraldic bearing of nasal prongs at the bedside.Risks for muscle atrophy and foot droppingSubjective cues mura ug ning gamay akong mga bati-is as verbalized by the client.Objective cues * Client is lying on bed * Foot plantar flexed * Immobility of the lower extremities* No presence of foot mount up * No ROM exercises done. * Promote ROM exercises to prevent muscle atrophy on the affected sleeve * hand over foot board to support the foot and avoid plantarflexion which causes foot drop. * Encourage the client to eat a balanced diet paired with bananas for potassium replacement * Administer medications as prescribed * monitor lizard the client for any complications * Position the client on semi-fowlers position. * Instruct client to do abdominal breathing or pursed lip breathing. * Monitor for signs of hypoxia* Administer oxygen prn as prescribed. * Promote ROM exercises. * Provide foot board. * Encourage the S.O. to do sponge bathing to promote circulation. * Encourage the client to move the and exercise the toes of the feet. Goal demonstrated techniques and lifestyle changes to meet physiologic needs.Reconstitution lines of resistance building.Goal promoted techniques and exercises to meet physiologic needsReconstitution lines of resistance buildingGoal promoted techniques and exercises to prevent the occurrence of physiologic problemsReconstitution lines of resistance building and strengthening the flexible lines of defense.Response of the client on the Interventions ProvidedThe client was able to see through herself on identifying and prioritizing the problems through based on her judgment and of the researchers appraisal of her identified stressor the client was able to recuperate in the treatment, the client was able to come up with solutions on the problems that were most attainable and most important to her which is attaining the optimum level of functioning. The client was able to g ain a boosted self-esteem and a positive outlook in life, reconstitution of her lines of defense and strengthening each lines is in progress, through positive feedback the client was able to see through it all that the physiological body is not just the only factor in healing but it should comprise the mind, the spirit, the society, and development to achieve a wholistic and faster recovery from illness.Conclusion and RecommendationsConclusionsThe Neuman Systems Model was effective, efficient in providing a wholistic nursing care to the client with hypokalemia. The assessment made was thorough and was based on the what the client and the care provider perceives thereby large-minded a collaborative and specific hint as to what the problem is wherein effective solutions can be brought up. though the system is quite complicated and challenging at some times, it just needs practice in implementing the model to be able to familiarize it.The research concluded that the Neuman Systems Mod el is an effective tool which can enhance the nurses critical and analytical thinking by the data gathered based on the clients initial response and the nurses judgment thereby minimizing the occurrence of an error in identifying problems and providing nursing care.RecommendationsBased on the findings, observations and the conclusion utilizing the Neuman Systems Model is effective and wholistic enough in the approach of a client with hypokalemia. The following are the researchers suggestions and recommendations1 nurse practitioners should do a thorough assessment on their clients not only by identifying the main problems but also by assessing the person as a whole it could be done through the use of the Neuman Systems assessment and evaluation tool.2 Interventions differ from client to client others may vary but there is no such thing as a uniformed intervention thereby it is necessary for the nurse to assess for the needs of the client.BibliographyBurns and Grove (2003) Understandi ng Nursing research 3rd edition W. B. Saunders,Elsevier followFawcett, Jacqueline (1995) Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing 3rd ed. F.A. Davis CompanyFrisch N., Frisch L. (2006) psychiatrical Mental Health Nursing 3rd ed. Thomson Delmar Learning CompanyKarch, Amy (2008) Lippincotts Nursing Drug Guide Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams Wilkins CompanyMedical-Surgical Nursing Made Incredible Easy (2004). Lippincott Williams Wilkins Company SpringhouseNeuman, Betty and Fawcett, Jacqueline 2002 The Neuman Systems Model 4th edition Prentice pressure group Company

Theory of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Theory of Knowledge EssayArt is a thing compressd by an individual using a rargon, natural and creative talent. Some volume say that it is im practicable to desexualize the moment of cheat. They could be wrong as if it couldnt be defined, then the word art would have no value in our language. Since we use it all the time, it must have some meaning to it. Some raft say art can be anything and everything. However, if everything is seen as art, then the word art is in risk of losing its meaning because it no longer distinguishes certain things from others. According to the Theory of Knowledge, there are three possible criteria of what is classified as an art the creative intentions of the artist, the quality of the wee-wee and the response of spectators. Beyond this, everyones opinion virtually what art is compiled of differs from each other.An artist is basically a nobleman of his art. He besides is said to create the meaning of his art. He sees an object with his ey es and reveals the beauty in everyday objects. Besides that, he also tells a particular story through his work of art, whether they are his emotions, experiences or maybe his opinions. However, we should truly take into account that it is also possible that the artist refuse to create meanings indoors his art. As he is the creator of his art, he is the one who decides what he wants in his work. It is likely that he, in the first place, constructed his artwork with bring out wanting to function any meaning or substance in it and also, possibly, as an act of spontaneity.In a close-hauled scrutiny, many people believe that an art has to have a meaning. Basically, it starts with the artists intention(s), whether he wants to convey a sum to his visioners, express his thoughts and feelings through his art in many ways, such as through paintings on a world of canvas, music with a pleasing melody, or even a well-crafted rhyme. For instance, take a dewy-eyed sketch of beautiful butter flies on a notebook. As we, the spectators respond by scrutinizing the artists intention(s) based on the art, it volition somehow evoke various emotions in our minds such as freedom, beauty or perhaps also, goody and gracefulness. That is the meaning of an art.Another constructive example would be Vincent van Gogh, who did not consider himself an Impressionist as his artworks were all symbolic and has deep meanings in them. Basically, his art exploited nature to reflect his inner passel and emotional state through lines, colours, spatial composition, distortion and exaggeration. These methods were all manipulated to create a meaning in his art. Similarly to Van Gogh, another famous artist Picasso is another good example. For many days people criticized Picassos work of art, described it as devilish and -well insane. The main reason was that his art simply looked rather unnatural in its ways. However, they are still universally known around the world just because of the meaning s implied within his artworks as it provokes thoughts and feelings.On the contrary, what if a piece of work of an artist does not have a meaning within it? Is it still considered as an art? What if the artist refuses to provoke emotions, feelings and thoughts of the audience? Does it still make his piece of work an art? What if the artist wants his work to be meaningless? What if he has no message to convey to his viewers? Maybe that piece of work is constructed with the intention to spend the spare time that he has?As we view from a different perspective, it can also be considered that as long as artists have a creative intention and the urge to produce a piece of art, their work is definitely believed as an art through qualities such as the excellence of the work and the various materials, methods and technical skills used to produce the art regardless of whether or not their work has a meaning.Through my own experience, a few years ago, I drew a simple sketch of butterflies durin g free period in my notebook as I wanted to just draw whatever that comes to my mind at that moment. To be honest, I neer thought of conveying any messages such as independence, beauty, fragility and so on to my audience. I had neer considered how the butterflies carried deep, fundamental meaning and how they could be represented as symbolisms. As I was the creator of my art, to me, they were just butterflies. altogether I wanted them to be were butterflies, without any meanings at all. However, it is still considered as an art because my intention musical composition drawing those butterflies was to loosen up my mind, and besides that, the quality of the drawing was fairly beautiful and attractive as it reveals the beauty in everyday objects. Lastly, I also gained response from spectators with their opinions about my drawing. To emphasize on my draw a bead on, again, consort to the Theory of Knowledge, things are considered as art if they fulfil the three criteria stated above . Thus, my work was without a enquiry an art, even though it has no meanings within it.In conclusion, it shows that there isnt a definite answer of Yes or No to the question given above. Through the study of Theory of Knowledge, we are encouraged to see things in a bigger perspective and to examine every angle of a situation. In this matter, from one point of view, art has to have meaning in much the same way as words written on paper have meaning considering how an artist intends to convey a message and to communicate emotions without words. On the other hand, art also does not have to be about anything to be good. In fact, the more(prenominal) people tried to scrutinize and fancy the meaning of the artwork, the less interesting that work becomes as they are easily deciphered by the audience.It is also said that the greatest art takes a lifetime to understand the slightest takes a moment. While more people tried to make their own meaning from a piece of art, it does not mean th at it is the initial meaning that the artist intended. Sometimes, many tried hard to figure out the meaning of an art but it turns out that the artists intention does not want his art to have any meaning at all.I believe it is open to interpretation whether does something have to have a meaning or if it does not, is it still considered as an art?